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@@ -37,12 +37,13 @@ but due to time constraints we programmed the robot to kick with the left foot
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only. So, the task now is to place the ball in front of the left foot. We
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only. So, the task now is to place the ball in front of the left foot. We
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realized, that when the ball is in the correct position, then its image in the
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realized, that when the ball is in the correct position, then its image in the
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lower camera should be within a certain region. We experimentally determined
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lower camera should be within a certain region. We experimentally determined
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the extents of this region. The algorithm therefore is for the robot to
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the extents of this region, which is schematically presented in figure \ref{p
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gradually adjust its position in small steps, until the ball image reaches the
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figure ball-alignment}. The algorithm therefore is for the robot to gradually
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target, after which the robot will proceed with the kick. Our tests have shown,
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adjust its position in small steps, until the ball image reaches the target,
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that this method while being relatively simple, works sufficiently robust,
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after which the robot will proceed with the kick. Our tests have shown, that
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which means that we didn't have the situations, when the robot missed the ball
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this method while being relatively simple, works sufficiently robust, which
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after alignment or even hit the ball with an edge of the foot.
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means that we didn't have the situations, when the robot missed the ball after
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alignment or even hit the ball with an edge of the foot.
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\begin{figure}[ht]
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\begin{figure}[ht]
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{\fig ball-align}
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{\fig ball-align}
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@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ will stop moving, will adjust the movement direction and then will go further.
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The robot will continue moving until the ball is close enough to start the goal
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The robot will continue moving until the ball is close enough to start the goal
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alignment. Do determine if that is the case, we don't use trigonometry, but
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alignment. Do determine if that is the case, we don't use trigonometry, but
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simply define a threshold, which the image of the ball in the robot's lower
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simply define a threshold, which the image of the ball in the robot's lower
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camera should reach. Once this has happened, the approach stage is over and the
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camera should reach. The threshold is visualized in figure \ref{p figure
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direct-approach}. Once this has happened, the approach stage is over and the
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robot will start aligning itself to the goal.
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robot will start aligning itself to the goal.
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\begin{figure}[ht]
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\begin{figure}[ht]
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@@ -33,11 +33,12 @@ aspects of our motivation behind this objective. The first one is the fact,
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that goal scoring is crucial for winning soccer games, therefore fast and
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that goal scoring is crucial for winning soccer games, therefore fast and
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effective goal scoring will bring the team closer to victory. Secondly, in
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effective goal scoring will bring the team closer to victory. Secondly, in
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order to score a goal, many problems and tasks need to be solved, which we will
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order to score a goal, many problems and tasks need to be solved, which we will
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describe in close detail in the next chapter. The work on these tasks would
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describe in close detail in the following chapters. The work on these tasks
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allow us to acquire new competences, which we could then use to complement the
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would allow us to acquire new competences, which we could then use to
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RoboCup team of the TUM. Finally, this objective encompasses many disciplines, such
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complement the RoboCup team of the TUM. Finally, this objective encompasses
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as object detection, mechatronics or path planning, which means that working on
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many disciplines, such as object detection, mechatronics or path planning,
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it might give us a chance to contribute to the research in these areas.
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which means that working on it might give us a chance to contribute to the
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research in these areas.
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Having said that, we hope that our project will be a positive contribution to
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Having said that, we hope that our project will be a positive contribution to
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the work being done at the Institute for Cognitive Systems and that this
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the work being done at the Institute for Cognitive Systems and that this
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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The procedure is as follows. First the robot will use its ankle joints to shift
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its weight to the base leg. After this, the robot will be able to lift the
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its weight to the base leg. After this, the robot will be able to lift the
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kicking leg for the swing. Finally, the robot will perform the swing and return
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kicking leg for the swing. Finally, the robot will perform the swing and return
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to the standing position. Both raising the leg and doing the swing require
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to the standing position. Both raising the leg and doing the swing require
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precise coordinated joint movements, so we had to conduct experiments to
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precise coordinated joint movements, so we had to conduct many experiments to
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establish the correct joint angles and the movement speed.
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establish the correct joint angles and the movement speed.
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An important drawback of our implementation is that the swing makes the whole
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An important drawback of our implementation is that the swing makes the whole
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