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@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ start the \textbf{Turn to Ball algorithm} again.
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%Follow the ball always -> problem: movement while walking
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%Describe in more Detail??? Are all steps in can not see the ball executed every time?
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%Mention stand up
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\newpage
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\section{Distance Measurement}
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\label{j sec distance measurement}
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@@ -97,13 +97,13 @@ The distance measurement will now be described. At first,
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the robot is brought to a defined stand-up posture, to ensure that the
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distance calculations are accurate. The current camera frame is then
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used to estimate the angle $\Phi_{\mathrm{meas}}$ between the position of the
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ball and the center of the camera frame. In the stand-up position, the top
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ball and the centre of the camera frame. In the stand-up position, the top
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camera of the robot is not aligned with the parallel to the floor. There is
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therefore an offset angle for the center of the camera frame, which has to be
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therefore an offset angle for the centre of the camera frame, which has to be
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considered in the calculations. As seen in figure \ref{j figure distance
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measurement} $ \Phi_{\mathrm{ball}} $ and $
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\Phi_{\mathrm{meas}}+\Phi_{\mathrm{cam}} $ are alternate interior angles
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therefore the following equations holds:
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\Phi_{\mathrm{meas}}+\Phi_{\mathrm{cam}} $ are alternate interior angles.
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Therefore, the following equations holds:
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\begin{equation}
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\Phi_{\mathrm{ball}} = \Phi_{\mathrm{meas}}+\Phi_{\mathrm{cam}} \; .
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@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ approach path.
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\end{figure}
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The task is solved as following. At the beginning the robot is in the standing
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position and the ball is in the center of the camera view. As the position of
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position and the ball is in the centre of the camera view. As the position of
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the ball is therefore known, it is important to find out, where the goal is to
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determine an appropriate approach path. The robot will therefore rotate its
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head, until it is able to recognize the goal in the view of its top camera
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@@ -155,14 +155,14 @@ head, until it is able to recognize the goal in the view of its top camera
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\label{j figure choose-approach}
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\end{figure}
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Using the position of the center of the goal, the angle between the ball and
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Using the position of the centre of the goal, the angle between the ball and
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the goal is estimated. Depending on the value of the angle, different approach
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directions are chosen. In the figure \ref{j figure choose-approach}, the goal
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directions are chosen. In figure \ref{j figure choose-approach}, the goal
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is on the right side of the ball. It therefore makes sense to approach the ball
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somewhere from the left side. In the current implementation there are three
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possible approach directions. The robot could approach the ball either from the
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left or the right side; or if the angle between the goal and the ball is
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sufficiently small, the robot could also do a straight approach to the ball. As
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sufficiently small or the distance between the ball and the robot is sufficiently small, the robot could also do a straight approach to the ball. As
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the exact approach angle to the ball is calculated in the next part of the
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approach planning, it's enough for now to decide between those three possible
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approach directions.
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@@ -171,7 +171,6 @@ The proposed algorithm worked fine under the consideration of the
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possible scenarios. As the goal detection algorithm works quite reliable, the
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appropriate approach direction was found quickly most of the time.
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\newpage
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As the approach direction is now known, the approach angle and the walking
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distance of the robot have to be estimated. The task is to find an approach
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@@ -188,12 +187,12 @@ for a later kick.
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%bdist is hypo and walking distance is hypo
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The task is solved as following. Again the robot is in the standing position
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and the ball is centered in the camera view of the top camera. The ball
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and the ball is centred in the camera view of the top camera. The ball
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distance has already been estimated as described in section \ref{j sec distance
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measurement}. To estimate the approach angle and the walking distance, a
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desired distance is defined which defines the distance between the robot and
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desired distance is set which defines the distance between the robot and
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the ball after the walk. Approach angle and walking distance can then be
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computed. Thereby we considered two different approaches depending on the
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computed. Thereby we considered three different approaches depending on the
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distance between the ball and the robot. If the distance between the robot and
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the ball is below or equal to a specified threshold the triangle looks as shown
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in figure \ref{j figure rdist hypo}.
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@@ -240,19 +239,26 @@ looks like in figure \ref{j figure bdist hypo}.
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\end{figure}
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To calculate the appropriate walking distance, the following formulas estimate
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the approaching angle and calculate the distance.
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the approaching angle and calculate the walking distance, depending on the distance to the ball.
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\begin{equation}
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\Theta_\mathrm{appr}=\arctan\left(\frac{\mathrm{Desired\ distance}}{\mathrm{ball\ distance}} \right) \; \; \mathrm{or} \; \; \arcsin\left(\frac{\mathrm{Desired\ distance}}{\mathrm{ball\ distance}}\right)
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\Theta_\mathrm{appr} =
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\begin{cases}
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\arctan\left(\frac{\mathrm{Desired\ distance}}{\mathrm{ball\ distance}} \right) & \text{for short distances}\\
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\arcsin\left(\frac{\mathrm{Desired\ distance}}{\mathrm{ball\ distance}}\right) & \text{for long distances}
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\end{cases}
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\end{equation}
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\begin{equation}
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\mathrm{walking\ distance}=\frac{\mathrm{ball\ distance}}{\cos(\Theta_\mathrm{appr})} \; \; \mathrm{or} \; \; \frac{\cos(\Theta_\mathrm{appr})}{\mathrm{ball\ distance}}
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\mathrm{walking\ distance} =
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\begin{cases}
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\frac{\mathrm{ball\ distance}}{\cos(\Theta_\mathrm{appr})} & \text{for short distances}\\
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\cos(\Theta_\mathrm{appr}) \cdot \mathrm{ball\ distance} & \text{for long distances}
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\end{cases}
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\end{equation}
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If the distance between the robot and the ball is really small, the robot
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starts a direct approach to the ball regardless of the position of the goal.
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This makes more sense for short distances, than the two approaches stated
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above. In this case the neccessary actions for goal alignment will happen in a
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As already mentioned, the robot starts a direct approach to the ball regardless of the position of the goal if the distance between the robot and the ball is really small.
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This makes more sense for sufficiently short distances, than the two approaches stated
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above. In this case the necessary actions for goal alignment will happen in a
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dedicated goal alignment stage, described in the section \ref{p sec goal
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align}.
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