import json
import os
from threading import Lock

import cv2
import numpy as np
import torch

WIN = "window"
SPACING = 50
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
RED = (0, 0, 255)
LIGHT_GREEN = (31, 167, 31)
LIGHT_RED = (31, 31, 167)
LINE_FILE = "/tmp/line.json"


def save_line(line):
    with open(LINE_FILE, "w") as f:
        json.dump(line, f)


def try_load_line():
    if not os.path.exists(LINE_FILE):
        return []
    with open(LINE_FILE, "r") as f:
        return json.load(f)


def draw_circles(img, points, size, color):
    for point in points:
        cv2.circle(img, tuple(np.round(point).astype(np.int32)), size, color, -1)
    return img


def draw_line(img, line, color, *, with_points=False):
    if len(line) > 1:
        cv2.polylines(img, [np.round(line).astype(np.int32)], False, color, 2)
    if with_points:
        img = draw_circles(img, line, 5, color)
    return img


def area_between_curves(a, b):
    polygon = torch.cat([b, torch.flip(a, dims=[0])], dim=0)

    # Calculate the area using the shoelace formula
    x = polygon[:, 0]
    y = polygon[:, 1]
    return 0.5 * torch.abs(x @ torch.roll(y, -1) - torch.roll(x, -1) @ y)


def find_beta(x, a, b):
    return (x - a) / (b - a + 1e-8)


def sample_segments(line, t):
    deltas = seglengths(line)
    d = torch.cumsum(deltas, dim=0) / torch.sum(deltas)
    d = torch.cat([torch.zeros_like(d[0:1]), d])
    idx = torch.minimum(
        torch.searchsorted(d, t),
        torch.tensor(line.shape[-2] - 1, dtype=torch.long),
    )
    return (
        torch.stack([line[idx - 1], line[idx]], dim=-2),
        torch.stack([d[idx - 1], d[idx]], dim=-1),
    )


def sample_polyline(line, t):
    segs, ds = sample_segments(line, t)
    beta = find_beta(t, ds[..., 0], ds[..., 1])[..., None]
    return (1 - beta) * segs[..., 0, :] + beta * segs[..., 1, :]


def l1_norm(x):
    return torch.sum(torch.abs(x), dim=-1)


def l2_norm_squared(x):
    return torch.sum(torch.square(x), dim=-1)


def cross_2d(a, b):
    return a[..., 0] * b[..., 1] - a[..., 1] * b[..., 0]


def point_to_segment_distance(p, s):
    s0 = s[..., 0, :]
    s1 = s[..., 1, :]
    ds = s1 - s0
    return torch.abs(cross_2d(p, ds) + cross_2d(s1, s0)) / torch.norm(ds, dim=-1)


def seglengths(line):
    return torch.norm(torch.diff(line, dim=-2), dim=-1)


def spacing_error(line):
    # Calculate the distances between consecutive points
    return torch.mean(torch.abs(SPACING - seglengths(line)))


def fit_to_line(line, *, canvas):
    total_length = np.sum(np.linalg.norm(np.diff(line, axis=0), axis=1))
    num_points = np.round(total_length / SPACING + 1).astype(np.long)

    # Generate evenly spaced points along the line
    if len(line) < 2:
        return None

    init = np.linspace(line[0], line[-1], num_points)

    if len(init) < 3:
        return init

    img = canvas.copy()
    img = draw_line(img, line, GREEN)

    show = draw_line(img.copy(), init, RED, with_points=True)
    cv2.imshow(WIN, show)
    cv2.waitKey(1)

    fit = torch.tensor(init, dtype=torch.float32, requires_grad=True)
    optimizer = torch.optim.Adam([fit], lr=5)

    line_pt = torch.tensor(line, dtype=torch.float32)
    fit_t = torch.linspace(0, 1, num_points, dtype=torch.float32)
    segs_at_exact, _ = sample_segments(line_pt, fit_t)
    line_at_exact = sample_polyline(line_pt, fit_t)

    while True:
        show = img.copy()
        optimizer.zero_grad()

        def point_to_point_error(radius=SPACING):
            # ruff: noqa: B023
            return torch.mean(l2_norm_squared(line_at_exact - fit) / radius**2)

        def point_to_line_error(radius=SPACING):
            # ruff: noqa: B023
            return torch.mean(point_to_segment_distance(fit, segs_at_exact) / radius)

        def line_to_line_error(radius=SPACING):
            sample_points = torch.rand((num_points // 2), dtype=torch.float32)
            sample_line = sample_polyline(line_pt, sample_points)
            sample_fit = sample_polyline(fit, sample_points)
            nonlocal show
            show = draw_circles(show, sample_line.numpy(), 5, LIGHT_GREEN)
            show = draw_circles(show, sample_fit.detach().numpy(), 5, LIGHT_RED)
            return torch.mean(l1_norm(sample_line - sample_fit) / radius)

        loss = (
            0
            #
            + point_to_point_error()
            + point_to_line_error() * 2
            + line_to_line_error()
            #
            # + spacing_error(fit)
        )

        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        show = draw_line(show, fit.detach().numpy(), RED, with_points=True)
        cv2.imshow(WIN, show)
        if cv2.waitKey(1) == ord("x"):
            break

    fit = fit.detach()
    abc = area_between_curves(line_pt, fit)
    spacing_err = spacing_error(fit)
    print("Area between curves:", abc.item())
    print("Spacing error:", spacing_err.item())

    return fit.numpy()


def main():
    line = try_load_line()
    lock = Lock()

    def optimization():
        if len(line) < 2:
            return
        img = draw_line(canvas.copy(), line, GREEN)
        fit = fit_to_line(np.array(line), canvas=canvas)
        if fit is not None:
            img = draw_line(img, fit, RED, with_points=True)
            cv2.imshow(WIN, img)

    def on_mouse(event, x, y, flags, _):
        if lock.locked():
            return
        if event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
            with lock:
                line.append((x, y))
                optimization()

    canvas = np.zeros((500, 500, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
    cv2.namedWindow(WIN)
    cv2.imshow(WIN, canvas)
    cv2.waitKey(1)
    cv2.setMouseCallback(WIN, on_mouse)

    with lock:
        optimization()

    while True:
        if (k := cv2.waitKey(1)) == ord("c"):
            line.clear()
            cv2.imshow(WIN, canvas)
        elif k == ord("s"):
            if line:
                save_line(line)
        elif k == ord("l"):
            line[:] = try_load_line()
            with lock:
                optimization()
        elif k == ord("d"):
            if os.path.isfile(LINE_FILE):
                os.unlink(LINE_FILE)
        elif k == ord("q"):
            break


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()