pavel/teleoperation
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Releases Wiki Activity

let's say the draft is ready

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
Pavel Lutskov
2019-03-01 17:02:24 +01:00
parent 700d01ecef
commit 745be42d8d
2 changed files with 94 additions and 54 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

20
docs/references.bib
View File

@@ -37,11 +37,27 @@
@misc{ros,
title={{ROS.org | Powering} the world's robots},
howpublished={\url{http://www.ros.org/}},
note={Accessed: 2019-01-03}
note={Accessed: 2019-03-01}
}
@misc{naoqi,
title={{NAOqi} Developer guide},
howpublished={\url{http://doc.aldebaran.com/2-1/index_dev_guide.html}},
note={Accessed: 2018-08-08}
note={Accessed: 2019-03-01}
}
@misc{yaml,
author = {Ben-Kiki, Oren, and Evans, Clark and Ingerson, Brian},
title = {{YAML} ain't markup language version 1.1},
howpublished={\url{http://yaml.org}},
year = {2005},
note={Accessed: 2019-03-01}
}
@article{jacobian,
author = {Buss, Samuel R.},
title = {Introduction to inverse kinematics with jacobian transpose,
pseudoinverse and damped least squares methods},
journal = {IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation},
year = {2004}
}

128
docs/report.latex
View File

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{todonotes}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
@@ -126,7 +125,7 @@ the transforms of the markers with respect to the \verb|odom| frame
\begin{figure}
\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{figures/aruco.png}}
\caption{ArUco marker detection on the operator.}
\label{fig:aruco_detection}
\label{fig:aruco-detection}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Interface}\label{ssec:interface}
@@ -177,39 +176,92 @@ case if NAO would talk in full sentences.
\paragraph{Teleoperation Interface}
In order to make it possible to operate
the NAO without visual contact, a teleoperation interface was developed. This
interface allows the operator to receive visual feedback on the NAO as well as
additional information regarding his own position.
\paragraph{Calibration}
The NAO-part contains video streams of the top and bottom cameras on the robots
head. These were created by subscribing to their respective topics (FIND NAME)
using the \textit{rqt\_gui} package. Moreover, it also consists of a rviz
window which gives a visual representation of the NAO. For this, the robot's
joint positions are displayed by subscribing to the topic \verb|tf| where the
coordinates and the different coordinate frames are published. We further used
the \textit{NAO-meshes} package to create the 3D model of the NAO.
In order to make our system more robust, we have included a routine to
calibrate it for different users. It can be run in an optional step before
executing the main application. Within this routine different threshold values,
which are required for the ``Human Joystick'' approach that is used to control
the NAO's walker module, as well as various key points, which are needed to
properly map the operator's arm motions to the NAO, are determined.
When the module is started, the NAO is guiding the operator through a number of
recording steps via spoken prompts. After a successful completion of the
calibration process, the determined values are written to the
\textit{YAML-file} \verb|config/default.yaml| \cite{yaml}. This file can then
be accessed by the other nodes in the system.
\paragraph{Teleoperation Interface}
In order to make it possible to operate the NAO without visual contact, we have
developed a teleoperation interface. It allows the operator to receive visual
feedback on the NAO as well as an estimation of the operators current pose and
of the buffer and movement zones which are needed to navigate the robot.
The NAO-part contains feeds of the top and bottom cameras on the robots head.
These were created by subscribing to their respective topics using the
\verb|rqt_gui| package. Moreover, it additionally consists of a
visualization of the NAO in rviz. For this, the robot's joint positions are
displayed by subscribing to the \verb|tf| topic where the coordinates and the
different coordinate frames are published. We further used the
\verb|nao_meshes| package to render a predefined urdf-3D-model of the NAO. It
is shown in \autoref{fig:rviz-nao-model}.
Furthermore, the interface also presents an estimation of the current pose of
the operator as well as the control zones for our "Human Joystick" approach in
an additional \textit{rviz} window. For this, we created a separate node that
repeatedly publishes a model of the operator and the zones consisting of
markers to \textit{rviz}. Initially, the \textit{YAML-file} that contains the
parameters which were determined within the system calibration is read out.
According to those, the size of markers that estimate the control zones are
set. Further, the height of the human model is set to 2.2 times the determined
arm-length of the operator. The size of the other body parts is then scaled
dependent on that height parameter and predefined weights. We tried to match
the proportions of the human body as good as possible with that approach. The
position of the resulting body model is bound to the determined location of
the Aruco marker on the operators chest, which was again received by
subscription to the \verb|tf| topic. Thus, since the model is recreated and
re-published in each iteration of the node it is dynamically moving with the
operator.
Moreover, for a useful interface it was crucial to have a dynamic
representation of the operator's arms in the model. After several tries using
the different marker types (e.g. cylinders and arrows) turned out to be too
elaborate to implement, we decided to use markers of the type
\textit{line-strip} starting from points at shoulders and ending on points on
the hands for the model's arms. By using the shoulder points that were defined
in the body model and locking the points on the hands to the positions that
were determined for the markers in the operators hands, we finally created a
model that represents the operators arm positions and thereby provides support
for various tasks such as grabbing an object. The final model is shown in
figure \autoref{fig:rviz-human-model}. Just for reference, we also included a
marker of type \textit{sphere} that depicts the position of the recording
webcam.
In addition, we added camera feed showing the operator. Within the feed ArUco
markers are highlighted once they are detected. This was done by including the
output of the ArUco detection module in the interface. A sample output is shown
in figure \autoref{fig:aruco-detection}.
\begin{figure}
\centering
%\hfill
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.4\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figures/rviz_human.png}
\caption{}
%{{\small $i = 1 \mu m$}}
\label{fig_human_model}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.4\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figures/interface_nao.png}
\caption{}
%{{\small $i = -1 \mu A$}}
\label{fig_nao_model}
%{{\small $i = 1 \mu m$}}
\label{fig:rviz-nao-model}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{Operator and NAO in rviz.}
\label{fig_interface}
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.4\linewidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figures/rviz_human.png}
\caption{}
%{{\small $i = -1 \mu A$}}
\label{fig:rviz-human-model}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{NAO and operator in rviz.}
\label{fig:interface}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Navigation}\label{ssec:navigation}
Next, our system needed a way for the operator to command the robot to a
@@ -606,32 +658,4 @@ interesting topic for future semester projects.
\bibliography{references}{}
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
% \begin{table}[htbp]
% \caption{Table Type Styles}
% \begin{center}
% \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
% \hline
% \textbf{Table}&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\textbf{Table Column Head}} \\
% \cline{2-4}
% \textbf{Head} & \textbf{\textit{Table column subhead}}& \textbf{\textit{Subhead}}& \textbf{\textit{Subhead}} \\
% \hline
% copy& More table copy$^{\mathrm{a}}$& & \\
% \hline
% \multicolumn{4}{l}{$^{\mathrm{a}}$Sample of a Table footnote.}
% \end{tabular}
% \label{tab_sample}
% \end{center}
% \end{table}
% \begin{thebibliography}{00}
% \bibitem{b1}
% G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon,
% ``On certain integrals of Lipschitz-Hankel type involving
% products of Bessel functions,''
% Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529--551, April 1955.
% \end{thebibliography}
\end{document}